Notes from The Second Canonization of the Qur’an (324/936)

Below are notes and thoughts from Shady Nasser's book The Second Canonization of the Qur'an (324/936). This book examines the process of Qur’anic canonization, focusing on how the seven canonical readings of the Qur’an were standardized. This "second canonization" was led by Ibn Mujahid in 936 CE (324 AH), a pivotal figure in Islamic history … Continue reading Notes from The Second Canonization of the Qur’an (324/936)

History of the Umayyad Caliphs & History of Islam & The Sunni Dilemma

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (1445–1505) was a prominent Egyptian scholar, muhaddith, theologian, and historian widely regarded for his prolific contributions to Sunni scholarship. Born and raised in Cairo, Suyuti was a Shafi'i jurist and belonged to the Ash'ari school of theology. He wrote on a wide array of subjects, including Quranic exegesis, hadith studies, linguistics, and … Continue reading History of the Umayyad Caliphs & History of Islam & The Sunni Dilemma

Non-Arabs (Mostly Persian) Influence on Sunni Islam

In early Islamic society, a Muslim ruler once asked about the judges and scholars overseeing various provinces, only to learn that most were non-Arab clients, or mawālī—a term referring to freed slaves or non-Arab converts who became clients under the patronage of Arab tribes. This account is recorded in Al-ʿAqd al-Farīd, written by Ibn ʿAbd … Continue reading Non-Arabs (Mostly Persian) Influence on Sunni Islam

Was Muhammad the Final Messenger?

The Quran informs us that Muhammad was the final prophet (nabi). [33:40] Muhammad was not the father of any man among you. He was a messenger of GOD and the final prophet. GOD is fully aware of all things. مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَآ أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًا … Continue reading Was Muhammad the Final Messenger?

Muhammad’s Divine Utterances Restricted to Quran Alone

Throughout the Quran, God swears by different things, such as the moon (74:32), the position of the stars (56:75), and the Day of Resurrection (75:1). Yet, the most all-encompassing oath in the Quran occurs in Surah Al-Haaqqah (69), where God swears by everything. [69:38] I swear by what you see.[69:39] And what you do not see. (٣٨) فَلَآ … Continue reading Muhammad’s Divine Utterances Restricted to Quran Alone

Something Similar to It?

[17:88] Say, “If all the humans and all the jinns banded together in order to produce a Quran like this, they can never produce anything like it, no matter how much assistance they lent one another.” قُلْ لَئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا If you ask … Continue reading Something Similar to It?